The Antikythera Mechanism

In 1902, a diver exploring a shipwreck off the coast of Antikythera finds fragments of the earliest complex computing instrument ever discovered. This 30-dial instrument was dubbed the "Antikythera Mechanism." Although scientists have mostly deciphered its codes and have been awed by its creator's knowledge of astronomy and engineering, they still haven't understood its use and the reason for its creation. The sophistication of this instrument was so advanced that antiquity did not see anything quite as complex until 1,300 years later.

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Image: http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2006/11/29/science/29cnd-compu.ready.html

Sources: http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/el/project/overview

http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v454/n7204/full/nature07130.html